HR 2995 IH
109th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 2995
To establish the Weather Modification Operations and Research Board, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
June 20, 2005
Mr. UDALL of Colorado introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science
A BILL
To establish the Weather Modification Operations and Research Board, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the `Weather Modification Research and Technology Transfer Authorization Act of 2005'.
SEC. 2. PURPOSE.
It is the purpose of this Act to develop and implement a comprehensive and coordinated national weather modification policy and a national cooperative Federal and State program of weather modification research and development.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) BOARD- The term `Board' means the Weather Modification Advisory and Research Board.
(2) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR- The term `Executive Director' means the Executive Director of the Weather Modification Advisory and Research Board.
(3) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT- The term `research and development' means theoretical analysis, exploration, experimentation, and the extension of investigative findings and theories of scientific or technical nature into practical application for experimental and demonstration purposes, including the experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials, and processes.
(4) WEATHER MODIFICATION- The term `weather modification' means changing or controlling, or attempting to change or control, by artificial methods the natural development of atmospheric cloud forms or precipitation forms which occur in the troposphere.
SEC. 4. WEATHER MODIFICATION ADVISORY AND RESEARCH BOARD ESTABLISHED.
(a) In General- There is established in the Department of Commerce the Weather Modification Advisory and Research Board.
(b) Membership-
(1) IN GENERAL- The Board shall consist of 11 members appointed by the Secretary of Commerce, of whom--
(A) at least 1 shall be a representative of the American Meteorological Society;
(B) at least 1 shall be a representative of the American Society of Civil Engineers;
(C) at least 1 shall be a representative of the National Academy of Sciences;
(D) at least 1 shall be a representative of the National Center for Atmospheric Research of the National Science Foundation;
(E) at least 2 shall be representatives of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce;
(F) at least 1 shall be a representative of institutions of higher education or research institutes; and
(G) at least 1 shall be a representative of a State that is currently supporting operational weather modification projects.
(2) TENURE- A member of the Board serves at the pleasure of the Secretary of Commerce.
(3) VACANCIES- Any vacancy on the Board shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment.
(b) Advisory Committees- The Board may establish advisory committees to advise the Board and to make recommendations to the Board concerning legislation, policies, administration, research, and other matters.
(c) Initial Meeting- Not later than 30 days after the date on which all members of the Board have been appointed, the Board shall hold its first meeting.
(d) Meetings- The Board shall meet at the call of the Chair.
(e) Quorum- A majority of the members of the Board shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may hold hearings.
(f) Chair and Vice Chair- The Board shall select a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members.
SEC. 5. DUTIES OF THE BOARD.
(a) Promotion of Research and Development- In order to assist in expanding the theoretical and practical knowledge of weather modification, the Board shall promote and fund research and development, studies, and investigations with respect to--
(1) improved forecast and decisionmaking technologies for weather modification operations, including tailored computer workstations and software and new observation systems with remote sensors; and
(2) assessments and evaluations of the efficacy of weather modification, both purposeful (including cloud-seeding operations) and inadvertent (including downwind effects and anthropogenic effects).
(b) Financial Assistance- Unless the use of the money is restricted or subject to any limitations provided by law, the Board shall use amounts in the Weather Modification Research and Development Fund--
(1) to pay its expenses in the administration of this Act; and
(2) to provide for research and development with respect to weather modifications by grants to, or contracts or cooperative arrangements with, public or private agencies.
(c) Report- The Board shall submit to the Secretary of Commerce biennially a report on its findings and research results.
SEC. 6. POWERS OF THE BOARD.
(a) Studies, Investigations, and Hearings- The Board may make any studies or investigations, obtain any information, and hold any hearings necessary or proper to administer or enforce this Act or any rules or orders issued under this Act.
(b) Personnel- The Board may employ, as provided for in appropriations Acts, an Executive Director and other support staff necessary to perform duties and functions under this Act.
(c) Cooperation With Other Agencies- The Board may cooperate with public or private agencies to promote the purposes of this Act.
(d) Cooperative Agreements- The Board may enter into cooperative agreements with the head of any department or agency of the United States, an appropriate official of any State or political subdivision of a State, or an appropriate official of any private or public agency or organization for conducting weather modification activities or cloud-seeding operations.
(e) Conduct and Contracts for Research and Development- The Executive Director, with the approval of the Board, may conduct and may contract for research and development activities relating to the purpose described in section 2.
SEC. 7. COOPERATION WITH THE WEATHER MODIFICATION OPERATIONS AND RESEARCH BOARD.
The heads of the departments and agencies of the United States and the heads of any other public or private agencies and institutions that receive research funds from the United States shall, to the extent possible, give full support and cooperation to the Board and to initiate independent research and development programs that address weather modifications.
SEC. 8. FUNDING.
(a) In General- There is established within the Treasury of the United States the Weather Modification Research and Development Fund, which shall consist of amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (b) or received by the Board under subsection (c).
(b) Authorization of Appropriations- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Board for the purposes of carrying out this Act $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2015. Any sums appropriated under this subsection shall remain available, without fiscal year limitation, until expended.
(c) Gifts- The Board may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services or property.
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/109/hr2995/text
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The Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), formally the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques is an international treaty prohibiting the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques. It opened for signature on 18 May 1977 in Geneva and entered into force on 5 October 1978. The Convention bans weather warfare, which is the use of weather modification techniques for the purposes of inducing damage or destruction. The Convention on Biological Diversity of 2010 would also ban some forms of weather modification or geoengineering.
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Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
Signed in Geneva May 18, 1977
Entered into force October 5, 1978
Narrative
Treaty Text
Annex
Understandings
Signatory List
Narrative
Use of environmental modification techniques for hostile purposes does not play a major role in military planning at the present time. Such techniques might be developed in the future, however, and would pose a threat of serious damage unless action was taken to prohibit their use. In July 1972 the U.S. Government renounced the use of climate modification techniques for hostile purposes, even if their development were proved to be feasible in the future.
Both the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives held hearings, beginning in 1972, and the Senate adopted a resolution in 1973 calling for an international agreement "prohibiting the use of any environmental or geophysical modification activity as a weapon of war...." In response to this resolution, the President ordered the Department of Defense to undertake an in-depth review of the military aspects of weather and other environmental modification techniques. The results of this study and a subsequent interagency study led to the U.S. Governments decision to seek agreement with the Soviet Union to explore the possibilities of an international agreement.
During the summit meeting in Moscow in July 1974, President Nixon and General Secretary Brezhnev formally agreed to hold bilateral discussions on how to bring about "the most effective measures possible to overcome the dangers of the use of environmental modification techniques for military purposes." Three sets of discussions were held in 1974 and 1975, resulting in agreement on a common approach and common language.
In August 1975, the chief representatives of the U.S. and the Soviet delegations to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD) tabled, in parallel, identical draft texts of a "Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques."
The Convention defines environmental modification techniques as changing -- through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes -- the dynamics, composition or structure of the earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydro-sphere, and atmosphere, or of outer space. Changes in weather or climate patterns, in ocean currents, or in the state of the ozone layer or ionosphere, or an upset in the ecological balance of a region are some of the effects which might result from the use of environmental modification techniques.
Intensive negotiations held in the CCD during the spring and summer of 1976 resulted in a modified text and, in addition, to understandings regarding four of the Treaty articles. These were transmitted to the U.N. General Assembly for consideration during the fall session.
Article I sets forth the basic commitment: "Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to engage in military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party." An understanding defines the terms "widespread, long-lasting or severe." "Widespread" is defined as "encompassing an area on the scale of several hundred square kilometers"; "long-lasting" is defined as "lasting for a period of months, or approximately a season"; and "severe" is defined as "involving serious or significant disruption or harm to human life, natural and economic resources or other assets."
With regard to peaceful uses of environmental modification techniques, the convention provides that the parties shall have the right to participate in the fullest possible exchange of scientific and technological information.
In addition to the provision for mutual consultation regarding complaints and for resource to the Security Council, the revised draft establishes the framework for a Consultative Committee of Experts, which would meet on an ad hoc basis when so requested by a party, in order to clarify the nature of activities suspected to be in violation of the convention. Responding to the suggestion of many delegations, the revised text incorporates a provision for periodic conferences to review the Conventions operation.
During the 1976 fall session, the U.N. General Assembly held extensive debate on the draft Convention, including several resolutions relating thereto. On December 10, the General Assembly adopted a resolution by a vote of 96 to 8, with 30 abstentions, which referred the Convention to all member nations for their consideration, signature, and ratification, and requested the U.N. Secretary-General to open the Convention for signature.
The U.N. Secretary-General officiated at the signing ceremony in Geneva on May 18. The United States joined 33 other nations in signing the Convention. The Convention entered into force on October 5, 1978, when the 20th state to sign the Convention deposited its instrument of ratification. President Carter transmitted the Convention to the Senate on September 22, 1978.
The Senate gave its advice and consent to ratification on November 28, 1979, by a vote of 98-0. The President ratified the Convention December 13, 1979. The Convention entered into force for the United States on January 17, 1980, when the U.S. instrument of ratification was deposited in New York.
Treaty Text
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
Signed in Geneva May 18, 1977
Entered into force October 5, 1978
Ratification by U.S. President December 13, 1979
U.S. ratification deposited at New York January 17, 1980
The States Parties to this Convention,
Guided by the interest of consolidating peace, and wishing to contribute to the cause of halting the arms race, and of bringing about general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and of saving mankind from the danger of using new means of warfare,
Determined to continue negotiations with a view to achieving effective progress towards further measures in the field of disarmament,
Recognizing that scientific and technical advances may open new possibilities with respect to modification of the environment,
Recalling the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972,
Realizing that the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes could improve the interrelationship of man and nature and contribute to the preservation and improvement of the environment for the benefit of present and future generations,
Recognizing, however, that military or any other hostile use of such techniques could have effects extremely harmful to human welfare,
Desiring to prohibit effectively military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to eliminate the dangers to mankind from such use, and affirming their willingness to work towards the achievement of this objective,
Desiring also to contribute to the strengthening of trust among nations and to the further improvement of the international situation in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
Have agreed as follows:
Article I
1. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to engage in military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party.
2. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to assist, encourage or induce any State, group of States or international organiza-tion to engage in activities contrary to the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article.
Article II
As used in Article I, the term "environmental modification techniques" refers to any technique for changing -- through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes -- the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, or of outer space.
Article III
1. The provisions of this Convention shall not hinder the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes and shall be without prejudice to the generally recognized principles and applicable rules of international law concerning such use.
2. The States Parties to this Convention undertake to facilitate, and have the right to participate in, the fullest possible exchange of scientific and technological information on the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes. States Parties in a position to do so shall contribute, alone or together with other States or international organizations, to international economic and scientific co-operation in the preservation, improvement, and peaceful utilization of the environment, with due consideration for the needs of the developing areas of the world.
Article IV
Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to take any measures it considers necessary in accordance with its constitutional processes to prohibit and prevent any activity in violation of the provisions of the Convention anywhere under its jurisdiction or control.
Article V
1. The States Parties to this Convention undertake to consult one another and to cooperate in solving any problems which may arise in relation to the objectives of, or in the application of the provisions of, the Convention. Consultation and cooperation pursuant to this article may also be undertaken through appropriate international procedures within the framework of the United Nations and in accordance with its Charter. These international procedures may include the services of appropriate international organizations, as well as of a Consultative Committee of Experts as provided for in paragraph 2 of this article.
2. For the purposes set forth in paragraph 1 of this article, the Depositary shall, within one month of the receipt of a request from any State Party to this Convention, convene a Consultative Committee of Experts. Any State Party may appoint an expert to the Committee whose functions and rules of procedure are set out in the annex, which constitutes an integral part of this Convention. The Committee shall transmit to the Depositary a summary of its findings of fact, incorporating all views and information presented to the Committee during its proceedings. The Depositary shall distribute the summary to all States Parties.
3. Any State Party to this Convention which has reason to believe that any other State Party is acting in breach of obligations deriving from the provisions of the Convention may lodge a complaint with the Security Council of the United Nations. Such a complaint should include all relevant information as well as all possible evidence supporting its validity.
4. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to cooperate in carrying out any investigation which the Security Council may initiate, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, on the basis of the complaint received by the Council. The Security Council shall inform the States Parties of the results of the investigation.
5. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to provide or support assistance, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, to any State Party which so requests, if the Security Council decides that such Party has been harmed or is likely to be harmed as a result of violation of the Convention.
Article VI
1. Any State Party to this Convention may propose amendments to the Convention. The text of any proposed amendment shall be submitted to the Depositary who shall promptly circulate it to all States Parties.
2. An amendment shall enter into force for all States Parties to this Convention which have accepted it, upon the deposit with the Depositary of instruments of acceptance by a majority of States Parties. Thereafter it shall enter into force for any remaining State Party on the date of deposit of its instrument of acceptance.
Article VII
This Convention shall be of unlimited duration.
Article VIII
1. Five years after the entry into force of this Convention, a conference of the States Parties to the Convention shall be convened by the Depositary at Geneva, Switzerland. The conference shall review the operation of the Convention with a view to ensuring that its purposes and provisions are being realized, and shall in particular examine the effectiveness of the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article I in eliminating the dangers of military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques.
2. At intervals of not less than five years thereafter, a majority of the States Parties to the Convention may obtain, by submitting a proposal to this effect to the Depositary, the convening of a conference with the same objectives.
3. If no conference has been convened pursuant to paragraph 2 of this article within ten years following the conclusion of a previous conference, the Depositary shall solicit the views of all States Parties to the Convention, concerning the convening of such a conference. If one third or ten of the States Parties, whichever number is less, respond affirmatively, the Depositary shall take immediate steps to convene the conference.
Article IX
1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.
2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
3. This Convention shall enter into force upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by twenty Governments in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.
4. For those States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of this Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.
5. The Depositary shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of the entry into force of this Convention and of any amendments thereto, as well as of the receipt of other notices.
6. This Convention shall be registered by the Depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
Article X
This Convention, of which the English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified copies thereof to the Governments of the signatory and acceding States.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective governments, have signed this Convention, opened for signature at Geneva on the eighteenth day of May, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven.
DONE at Geneva on May 18, 1977.
ANNEX TO THE CONVENTION
CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS
1. The Consultative Committee of Experts shall undertake to make appropriate findings of fact and provide expert views relevant to any problem raised pursuant to paragraph 1 of Article V of this Convention by the State Party requesting the convening of the Committee.
2. The work of the Consultative Committee of Experts shall be organized in such a way as to permit it to perform the functions set forth in paragraph 1 of this annex. The Committee shall decide procedural questions relative to the organization of its work, where possible by consensus, but otherwise by a majority of those present and voting. There shall be no voting on matters of substance.
3. The Depositary or his representative shall serve as the Chairman of the Committee.
4. Each expert may be assisted at meetings by one or more advisers.
5. Each expert shall have the right, through the Chairman, to request from States, and from international organizations, such information and assistance as the expert considers desirable for the accomplishment of the Committees work.
UNDERSTANDINGS REGARDING THE CONVENTION
Understanding Relating to Article I
It is the understanding of the Committee that, for the purposes of this Convention, the terms, "widespread", "long-lasting" and "severe" shall be interpreted as follows:
(a) "widespread": encompassing an area on the scale of several hundred square kilometres;
(b) "long-lasting": lasting for a period of months, or approximately a season;
(c) "severe": involving serious or significant disruption or harm to human life, natural and economic resources or other assets.
It is further understood that the interpretation set forth above is intended exclusively for this Convention and is not intended to prejudice the interpretation of the same or similar terms if used in connexion with any other international agreement.
Understanding Relating to Article II
It is the understanding of the Committee that the following examples are illustrative of phenomena that could be caused by the use of environmental modification techniques as defined in Article II of the Convention: earthquakes, tsunamis; an upset in the ecological balance of a region; changes in weather patterns (clouds, precipitation, cyclones of various types and tornadic storms); changes in climate patterns; changes in ocean currents; changes in the state of the ozone layer; and changes in the state of the ionosphere.
It is further understood that all the phenomena listed above, when produced by military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques, would result, or could reasonably be expected to result, in widespread, long-lasting or severe destruction, damage or injury. Thus, military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques as defined in Article II, so as to cause those phenomena as a means of destruction, damage or injury to another State Party, would be prohibited.
It is recognized, moreover, that the list of examples set out above is not exhaustive. Other phenomena which could result from the use of environmental modification techniques as defined in Article II could also be appropriately included. The absence of such phenomena from the list does not in any way imply that the undertaking contained in Article I would not be applicable to those phenomena, provided the criteria set out in that article were met.
Understanding Relating to Article III
It is the understanding of the Committee that this Convention does not deal with the question whether or not a given use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes is in accordance with generally recognized principles and applicable rules of international law.
Understanding Relating to Article VIII
It is the understanding of the Committee that a proposal to amend the Convention may also be considered at any conference of Parties held pursuant to Article VIII. It is further understood that any proposed amendment that is intended for such consideration should, if possible, be submitted to the Depositary no less than 90 days before the commencement of the conference.
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1 These are not incorporated into the Convention but are part of the negotiating record and were included in the report transmitted by the CCD to the U.N. General Assembly in September 1976.
Environmental Modification Convention
Country
Date 1 of
Signature
Date of
Deposit 1 of
Ratification
Date of
Deposit 1 of
Accession
Afghanistan 10/22/85
Algeria 12/19/91
Antigua and Barbuda 10/25/88
Argentina 03/20/87
Australia 05/31/78 09/07/84
Austria 01/17/90
Bangladesh 10/03/79
Belgium 05/18/77 07/12/82
Benin 06/10/77 06/30/86
Bolivia 05/18/77
Brazil 11/09/77 10/12/84
Brunei 01/01/84 1
Bulgaria 05/18/77 05/31/78
Byelorussian S.S.R.2 05/18/77 06/07/78
Canada 05/18/77 06/11/81
Cape Verde 10/03/79
Chile 04/26/94
Cuba 09/23/77 04/10/78
Cyprus 10/07/77 04/12/78
Czechoslovakia 05/18/77 05/12/78
Czech Republic 02/22/93
Denmark 05/18/77 04/19/78
Dominica 11/09/92 11/08/78 1
Egypt 04/01/82
Ethiopia 05/18/77
Finland 05/18/77 05/12/78
German Democratic
Republic 05/18/77 05/25/78
Germany, Federal
Republic of 05/18/77 05/24/83
Ghana 03/21/78 06/22/78
Greece 08/23/83
Guatemala 03/21/88
Holy See 05/27/77
Hungary 05/18/77 04/19/78
Iceland 05/18/77
India 12/10/77 12/15/78
Iran 05/18/77
Iraq 08/15/77
Ireland 05/18/77 12/16/82
Italy 05/18/77 11/27/81
Japan 06/09/82
Korea, Democratic
People's Republic of 11/08/84
Korea, Republic of 12/02/86
Kuwait 01/02/80
Laos 04/13/78 10/05/78
Lebanon 05/18/77
Liberia 05/18/77
Luxembourg 05/18/77
Malawi 10/05/78
Mauritius 12/09/92
Mongolia 05/18/77 05/19/78
Morocco 05/18/77
Netherlands 05/18/77 04/15/83
New Zealand 09/07/84
Nicaragua 08/11/77
Niger 02/17/93
Norway 05/18/77 02/15/79
Pakistan 02/27/86
Papua New Guinea 10/28/80
Poland 05/18/77 06/08/78
Portugal 05/18/77
Romania 05/18/77 05/06/83
St. Christopher-Nevis 09/19/83 1
St. Lucia 05/27/93 02/22/79 1
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines 10/27/79 1
Sao Tome and Principe 10/05/79
Sierra Leone 04/12/78
Solomon Islands 06/18/81 06/18/81
Spain 05/18/77 07/19/78
Sri Lanka 06/08/77 04/25/78
Sweden 04/27/84
Switzerland 08/05/88
Syria 08/04/77
Tunisia 05/11/78 05/11/78
Turkey 05/18/77
Uganda 05/18/77
Ukrainian S.S.R.2 05/18/77 06/13/78
Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics 05/18/77 05/30/78
United Kingdom 05/18/77 05/16/78
United States 05/18/77 01/17/80
Uruguay 09/16/93
Uzbekistan 05/26/93
Vietnam 08/26/80
Yemen Arab Republic
(Sanaa) 05/18/77 07/20/77
Yemen, People's Democratic
of (Aden) 06/12/79
Zaire 02/28/78
Total 3 51 36 34
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1 Dates given are the earliest dates on which countries signed the agreements or deposited their ratifications or accessions -- whether in Washington, London, Moscow, or New York. In the case of a country that was a dependent territory which became a party through succession, the date given is the date on which the country gave notice that it would continue to be bound by the terms of the agreement.
2 The United States regards the signature and ratification by the Byelorussian S.S.R. and the Ukrainian S.S.R. as already included under the signature and ratification of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
3 This total does not include actions by the Byelorussian S.S.R. and the Ukrainian S.S.R. (See footnote 2.)
4 Effective January 1, 1979, the United States recognized the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole government of China.
http://www.state.gov/t/isn/4783.htm
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Convention on the prohibition of military or any hostile use of environmental modification techniques, 10 December 1976.
In t r o d u c t i o n [Display Full text] [Display articles] State parties (76) / State signatories (17)
Forum of adoption United Nations General Assembly
In force yes
Entry into force 05.10.1976
Adopted by Resolution 31/72 of the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1976, the ENMOD Convention, of which the UN Secretary-General is the Depositary, was opened for signature at Geneva on 18 May 1977 and entered into force on 5 October 1978. It consists of ten articles and an Annex concerning the Consultative Committee of Experts.
In its Article I the Convention, which is part of disarmament efforts, prohibits the Contracting Parties from engaging in "military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party". Article 2 specifies what is meant exactly by the term "environmental modification techniques".
It should be noted that the adjectives "widespread" "long-lasting" and "severe" are echoed (widespread, long-term, severe) in 1977 Protocol I additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions (Article 35, para. 3 and Article 55, para. 1) and in preambular para. 4 to the 1980 Convention on Conventional Weapons. Whilst in these two instruments the term "environment" is preceded by the adjective "natural", the ENMOD Convention speaks of the "environment" without any attributive. In addition, the drafters of the ENMOD Convention adopted "Understandings" which are not incorporated into the Convention but which provide additional explanations with regard to some provisions (Articles I, II, III and VIII). The Understanding relating to Article I gives to the terms "widespread", "long-lasting" and "severe" an interpretation limited to the ENMOD Convention and one which is not intended to prejudice the interpretation of the same or similar terms if used in connection with any other international agreement.
Article VIII of the ENMOD Convention makes provision for review conferences to be held at intervals of not less than five years. The first Review Conference took place in Geneva in September 1984.
Meetings of forum 10.12.76
Date of adoption 10.12.1976
Depositary UNO
Number of articles 10 + Annexes
Authentic text Arabic; Chinese; English; French; Russian; Spanish
Source D.Schindler and J.Toman, The Laws of Armed Conflicts, Martinus Nihjoff Publisher, 1988, pp.164-169.
http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/INTRO/460
"Know thy self, know thy enemy. A thousand battles, a thousand victories." - Sun Tzu
Thursday, March 22, 2012
NOVA: Cracking the Maya Code
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova
The ancient Maya civilization of Central America left behind a riddle: an intricate and mysterious hieroglyphic script carved on stone monuments and painted on pottery and bark books.
Because the invading Spanish suppressed nearly all knowledge of how the script worked, unlocking its meaning posed one of archaeology's fiercest challenges.
Until now.
03/22/2012 Earthquake update/ 6.6 mag New Guinea
http://2012survivehow.com/03/22/2012 Earthquake update/ 6.6 mag New Guinea
VIDEO FOOTAGE: Mexico Earthquake - March 20, 2012
Earthquake in California, in Torre Mayor. A strong earthquake of 7.8 Richter scale at 12.02 hours, according to the National Seismological Service, at noon shook the Mexican capital. The epicenter was recorded cerfca Ometepec Guerrero. Live.
Live recording of Mexico City Earthquake March 20th in Torre Mayor. WAS 7.8 Richter quake.
How the US government secretly reads your email
Secret orders forcing Google and Sonic to release a WikiLeaks volunteer's email reveal the scale of US government snooping.
Somewhere, a US government official is reading through a list of those who sent or received an email from Jacob Appelbaum, a 28-year-old computer science researcher at the University of Washington who volunteered for WikiLeaks. Among those listed will be my name, a journalist who interviewed Appelbaum for a book about the digital revolution.
Appelbaum is a spokesman for Tor, a free internet anonymising software that helps people defend themselves against internet surveillance. He's spent five years teaching activists around the world how to install and use the service to avoid being monitored by repressive governments. It's exactly the sort of technology Secretary of State Hilary Clinton praised in her famous "Internet Freedom" speech in January 2010, when she promised US government support for the designers of technology that circumvented blocks or firewalls. Now, Appelbaum finds himself a target of his own government as a result of his friendship with Julian Assange and the fact WikiLeaks used the Tor software.
Appelbaum has not been charged with any wrongdoing; nor has the government shown probable cause that he is guilty of any criminal offence.
That matters not a jot, because, as the law stands, government officials don't need a search warrant to access our digital data. Searching someone's home requires a warrant that can only be obtained by proving probable cause, but digital searches require no such burden of proof. Instead, officials essentially "self-certify" to a judge that the information they seek is, in their opinion, relevant to an ongoing criminal investigation. On this basis, Google and a small ISP called Sonic were made to hand over to the government all Appelbaum's email headers from the past two years.
Most people are not aware of the ease with which governments – free, open and so-called democratic – can access and peruse our private communications. This is because these court orders are commonly sealed. What is uncommon is for internet service providers to request the orders be unsealed so they can inform their customers, as Sonic and Google did in Appelbaum's case.
Privacy researcher Chris Soghoian estimates there are likely tens of thousands of these 2703(d) orders made annually by the federal government under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. He bases this on the number of pen registers granted to the federal government annually: 12,000. These allow officials to intercept telephone and internet meta-data in real time.
"There's far more data to be had after the fact, so probably these 2703(d) orders are even more common," Soghoian says.
The fourth amendment of the US Constitution should protect against unwarranted search and seizure. Its inclusion in the Bill of Rights was a result of colonialists' anger at abuse suffered at the hands of British officials using writs of assistance. Writs were general warrants issued by the British Parliament to allow customs officials to search for smuggled goods, but in the American colonies, they were used by agents of the British state to interrogate people and raid their homes on the pretext of searching and seizing any "prohibited and uncustomed goods", which often meant "seditious" publications that criticised government policies or the King.
The colony of Massachusetts banned these general warrants in 1756 and when the governor overturned the ban, it was one of the sparks for the American Revolution. It's ironic then to see how, under the guise of "patriotism", these court orders have stripped away fourth amendment protections and granted to US officials the same unlimited powers of search and seizure that so aggravated the American revolutionaries.
Today, the privacy law surrounding our emails is woefully outdated, as it is based on the technology of the first email services of the 1980s. Back then, people dialled up their provider to download email onto their home computer. Mail left for over 180 days was considered in storage, so was not subject to the wiretap protections which were for information in transmission. This means email older than 180 days doesn't require a warrant whereas anything newer does. Now, with cloud services and extensive storage available through services such as Gmail, our primary archive of email is held more or less indefinitely. Ironically, this means the most important or sensitive emails receive the lowest legal protections. (The law is also weighted to protect unread mail over read mail so, strangely, spam that remains unopened because it goes straight to your junk folder has more privacy protections than read mail in your archives.)
Few citizens of the world will be adequately clued up on US surveillance laws, yet information stored on Facebook, Twitter, Google or any other American companies is subject to them. Unwarranted search and seizure by the government officials was unacceptable to the American revolutionaries. Shouldn't it be unacceptable in the digital age, too?
Heather Brooke
guardian.co.uk
Tuesday 11 October 2011 10.33 EDT
Somewhere, a US government official is reading through a list of those who sent or received an email from Jacob Appelbaum, a 28-year-old computer science researcher at the University of Washington who volunteered for WikiLeaks. Among those listed will be my name, a journalist who interviewed Appelbaum for a book about the digital revolution.
Appelbaum is a spokesman for Tor, a free internet anonymising software that helps people defend themselves against internet surveillance. He's spent five years teaching activists around the world how to install and use the service to avoid being monitored by repressive governments. It's exactly the sort of technology Secretary of State Hilary Clinton praised in her famous "Internet Freedom" speech in January 2010, when she promised US government support for the designers of technology that circumvented blocks or firewalls. Now, Appelbaum finds himself a target of his own government as a result of his friendship with Julian Assange and the fact WikiLeaks used the Tor software.
Appelbaum has not been charged with any wrongdoing; nor has the government shown probable cause that he is guilty of any criminal offence.
That matters not a jot, because, as the law stands, government officials don't need a search warrant to access our digital data. Searching someone's home requires a warrant that can only be obtained by proving probable cause, but digital searches require no such burden of proof. Instead, officials essentially "self-certify" to a judge that the information they seek is, in their opinion, relevant to an ongoing criminal investigation. On this basis, Google and a small ISP called Sonic were made to hand over to the government all Appelbaum's email headers from the past two years.
Most people are not aware of the ease with which governments – free, open and so-called democratic – can access and peruse our private communications. This is because these court orders are commonly sealed. What is uncommon is for internet service providers to request the orders be unsealed so they can inform their customers, as Sonic and Google did in Appelbaum's case.
Privacy researcher Chris Soghoian estimates there are likely tens of thousands of these 2703(d) orders made annually by the federal government under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. He bases this on the number of pen registers granted to the federal government annually: 12,000. These allow officials to intercept telephone and internet meta-data in real time.
"There's far more data to be had after the fact, so probably these 2703(d) orders are even more common," Soghoian says.
The fourth amendment of the US Constitution should protect against unwarranted search and seizure. Its inclusion in the Bill of Rights was a result of colonialists' anger at abuse suffered at the hands of British officials using writs of assistance. Writs were general warrants issued by the British Parliament to allow customs officials to search for smuggled goods, but in the American colonies, they were used by agents of the British state to interrogate people and raid their homes on the pretext of searching and seizing any "prohibited and uncustomed goods", which often meant "seditious" publications that criticised government policies or the King.
The colony of Massachusetts banned these general warrants in 1756 and when the governor overturned the ban, it was one of the sparks for the American Revolution. It's ironic then to see how, under the guise of "patriotism", these court orders have stripped away fourth amendment protections and granted to US officials the same unlimited powers of search and seizure that so aggravated the American revolutionaries.
Today, the privacy law surrounding our emails is woefully outdated, as it is based on the technology of the first email services of the 1980s. Back then, people dialled up their provider to download email onto their home computer. Mail left for over 180 days was considered in storage, so was not subject to the wiretap protections which were for information in transmission. This means email older than 180 days doesn't require a warrant whereas anything newer does. Now, with cloud services and extensive storage available through services such as Gmail, our primary archive of email is held more or less indefinitely. Ironically, this means the most important or sensitive emails receive the lowest legal protections. (The law is also weighted to protect unread mail over read mail so, strangely, spam that remains unopened because it goes straight to your junk folder has more privacy protections than read mail in your archives.)
Few citizens of the world will be adequately clued up on US surveillance laws, yet information stored on Facebook, Twitter, Google or any other American companies is subject to them. Unwarranted search and seizure by the government officials was unacceptable to the American revolutionaries. Shouldn't it be unacceptable in the digital age, too?
Heather Brooke
guardian.co.uk
Tuesday 11 October 2011 10.33 EDT
Bangladesh disappearances blamed on security
A series of disappearances in Bangladesh has forced authorities to launch an investigation.
A human rights group says more than 81 people went missing last year.
And some believe the nation's elite security forces are responsible.
2MIN News Mar22: NWO, Solar/Geophysical Updates
http://www.forbes.com/sites/carolinehoward/2012/03/21/nokias-buzzy-new-patent...
http://spaceweather.com/
http://rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/
http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/data.html
http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/
http://sohodata.nascom.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/soho_movie_theater
http://www.ips.gov.au/HF_Systems/6/5
http://solarimg.org/artis/
http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/wsa-enlil/cme-based/
http://hisz.rsoe.hu/alertmap/index2.php
http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/SWMF_RealTime_browse.cgi
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Has A New Pulsar Been Formed From SuperNova2012aw?!
Example of the light pulses I have seen in SE Sky below Mars. Special thanks to awakenu1 about SN2012aw!
Source: http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2011/sxp1062/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vela_Pulsar
President's Schedule - March 21, 2012
9:40 am
The President departs the White House en route Joint Base Andrews
South Lawn
Open Press
9:55 am
The President departs Joint Base Andrews en route Las Vegas, Nevada
Travel Pool Coverage
2:40 pm
The President arrives Las Vegas, Nevada
Local Event Time:
11:40AM PST
McCarran International Airport
Open Press
4:10 pm
The President tours Copper Mountain Solar 1 Facility
Local Event Time:
1:10PM PST
Boulder City, Nevada
Open Press
4:20 pm
The President delivers remarks at Copper Mountain Solar 1 Facility on his Administration’s focus on diversifying our energy portfolio
Local Event Time:
1:20PM PST
Boulder City, Nevada
Open Press
5:50 pm
The President departs Las Vegas, Nevada en route Roswell, New Mexico
Local Event Time:
2:50PM PST
McCarran International Airport
Open Press
7:20 pm
The President arrives Roswell, New Mexico
Local Event Time:
5:20PM MST
Roswell International Air Center Airport
Open Press
8:15 pm
The President delivers remarks on the Administration’s commitment to expanding domestic oil and gas production
Local Event Time:
6:15PM MST
Maljamar, New Mexico
Pooled TV, Open to Correspondents
9:35 pm
The President departs Roswell, New Mexico en route Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Local Event Time:
7:35PM MST
Roswell International Air Center Airport
Open Press
10:50 pm
The President arrives Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Local Event Time:
9:50PM CST
Tinker Air Force Base
Open Press
The President departs the White House en route Joint Base Andrews
South Lawn
Open Press
9:55 am
The President departs Joint Base Andrews en route Las Vegas, Nevada
Travel Pool Coverage
2:40 pm
The President arrives Las Vegas, Nevada
Local Event Time:
11:40AM PST
McCarran International Airport
Open Press
4:10 pm
The President tours Copper Mountain Solar 1 Facility
Local Event Time:
1:10PM PST
Boulder City, Nevada
Open Press
4:20 pm
The President delivers remarks at Copper Mountain Solar 1 Facility on his Administration’s focus on diversifying our energy portfolio
Local Event Time:
1:20PM PST
Boulder City, Nevada
Open Press
5:50 pm
The President departs Las Vegas, Nevada en route Roswell, New Mexico
Local Event Time:
2:50PM PST
McCarran International Airport
Open Press
7:20 pm
The President arrives Roswell, New Mexico
Local Event Time:
5:20PM MST
Roswell International Air Center Airport
Open Press
8:15 pm
The President delivers remarks on the Administration’s commitment to expanding domestic oil and gas production
Local Event Time:
6:15PM MST
Maljamar, New Mexico
Pooled TV, Open to Correspondents
9:35 pm
The President departs Roswell, New Mexico en route Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Local Event Time:
7:35PM MST
Roswell International Air Center Airport
Open Press
10:50 pm
The President arrives Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Local Event Time:
9:50PM CST
Tinker Air Force Base
Open Press
THE CIA RED LIST, AND DEEP UNDERGROUND MILITARY BASES
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [Phantom Truth] THE CIA RED LIST, AND DEEP UNDERGROUND MILITARY BASES
Date: Tue, 13 Sep 2005 16:08:43 -0000
From: Eric Robertson ultraknown@yahoo.com
After Hurricane Katrina there were witnesses coming forward with
reports of UNMNTF and UNISF Troops working alongside the Army of the
Republic of Mexico Soldiers. When the day of Martial Law comes in
America, do not expect Fox News Network, NBC, CBS, ABC, CNN, BBC News
24 or Reuters to give a full or accurate account of the truth. Mass
genocide will occur like it has done in many other countries like
Cambodia, Russia, China, Germany, Poland, Armenia, Georgia,
Belorussia, Hungary and the Ukraine over the past 100 years. The best
option for many Americans is to leave your country and go and live in
Europe. When the day of Martial Law begins the 6 million UNISF and
UNMNTF troops in America and Canada will be deployed to round up,
gangrape and kill millions of Americans whose names appear on the CIA
Red Hit List and the CIA Blue Hit List. Do not think it won't happen,
it most definitely will. You have been warned.
The American Empire Pax Americana has come to an end and now the
Thirteen Reptilian Illuminati Luciferian Families want to reduce the
American and Canadian populations to a more manageable size and also
want America to become a Fascist Police State under dictatorial rule.
This obviously cannot be achieved if America stays the way it is.
Only the people of America can stop the coming American Holocaust
from occurring, so please, for Gods sake, wake up and do something to
prevent this Luciferian insanity that will come true very soon all
around you!
In Russia many local newspapers and news channels are printing
articles concerning the huge troop movements leaving Russia at the
moment. The TASS News Agency and Pravda have given out endless
reports concerning this issue. According to various news reports the
Russian Imperial Navy, which includes the Baltic Fleet, have now
anchored themselves off certain US Navy Bases across America. Bases
such as US Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, US Naval Station Everett
and US Naval Station Bremerton, all of which are in Washington State,
have reportedly accomodated thousands and thousands of sailors and
ships from the Russian Imperial Navy and also the Chinese State Navy.
These ships include aircraft carriers, mindsweepers, frigate ships
and also a number of nuclear submarines. Nobody here really knows for
sure what the hell is going on, but I feel these troops will come
under UNISF and UNMNTF Troop authority jurisdiction and will
eventually be used to round up and kill millions of innocent
Americans. I think the Thirteen Reptilian Illuminati Families that
run all the banking and finance on this planet have had enough of
America and American people, who they feel have become to big for
their boots. The Illuminati are all sick, violent psychopaths, who
want to completely reshape America. They only want there to be around
140 million people in America by the 31st of December 2015, so this
begs the question, how will they achieve this? I think most forum
users here already know the answer to that.
I find it incredible that so many Americans do not see the coming
holocaust that is planned across the whole of North America. It isn't
some sort of pipe dream or the mad wranglings of a bunch of fringe
conspiract theorists. There is so much hard evidence out there, it is
unbelievable. I know that alot of Americans must be feeling alot of
fear, terror and paranoia, but you must snap out of it and wake up
from the brainwashing your Illuminati media pumps into your heads all
day long. Are you going to be a rabbit in the headlights? or are you
going to stand up and say 'enough is enough'? The US Government
through the NSA, DOD, CIA, DIA, ATF, ONI, US Army, US Marine Corp,
FEMA and the DHS has spent in excess of 12 trillion dollars building
the massive, covert infrastructure for the coming One World
Government and New World Religion over the past 40 years or so. In
America alone there are over 368 Deep Underground Military Bases
situated under most major cities, US AFBs, US Navy Bases and US Army
Bases, as well as underneath FEMA Military Training Camps and DHS
control centers.
There are also many Deep Underground Military Bases under Canada and
Alaska. Almost all of these bases are over 2 miles underground and
have diameters ranging from 10 miles up to 30 miles across! I've
previously mentioned the Deep Underground Military Base underneath
Denver International Airport DIA which is over 22 miles in diameter
and goes down over 8 levels. The holding capacity of such leviathanic
bases is huge. These city-sized bases can hold millions and millions
of people, whether they are mind controlled, enslaved NWO World Army
Soldiers or innocent and enslaved surface dwellers from the towns and
cities of America and Canada. There are over 600 FEMA Internment and
Concentration Camps in America, Canada and Alaska. There is one such
camp in Alaska that has a holding capacity for over 1.5 million
prisoners. I guess most Americans will not beleive that an American
Holocaust will happen until they see it happening with their own
eyes. Till then, it is just another strange conspiracy theory for
them to laugh at. Trust me, this is no laughing matter. When it
happens, it will be to late to stop it! For the love of God America,
wake up and see the truth starring at you in the face!
President George W.Bush has already said he will "use foreign troops"
on the streets of America if another Islamic terrorist attack occurs,
because there may not be enough US Military personnel to cope with
the massive urban chaos and panic that will obviously ensue if it
occurs. Lastly, the US Government has been involved covertly in the
creation of an army of loyal, soulless soldiers of the future. They
will have cybernetic and microchip implants and will fight anywhere
in the world, without question, with total loyalty and without
hesitation or fear. These soldiers were created at Brookhaven
National Laboratories BNL, the National Ordinance Laboratories NOL
and the Massachussetts Institute of Technology MIT and covertly
transferred under DOD and NSA control and planning. Many of these
soldiers are stationed in Deep Underground Military Bases like the
one under Denver International Airport. All of this information is
researched information that has taken much effort to fit together
properly. In Russia there has been huge troop movements over the past
2 years that have been transported up into Yamantau Mountain in the
Lower Ural Mountain Range. Yamantau Mountain is located in the
Bashkortostan region of Russia. Within Yamantau Mountain itself is a
huge Deep Underground Military Base that goes down over 10 miles
underground and is over 18 miles in length. The base is also
constructed over 12 levels. Currently there are over 1 million
Russian personnel within the Yamantau Deep Underground Military Base.
Russian Army Volska Spetsialnolo Naznacheniya VSN or Spetnaz and
Russian Army Vysotniki or Special Operations Teams are permanently
based in the Yamantau Military Complex. Their are many mag-lev
subterraenean train networks that stretch from the Yamantau complex
and go out to Cheblinsk, Vladivostok, Ekaterinburg, St. Petersburg
and Moscow. The RAKA or Rosavia Kosmos as it is known by the Western
media which is the Russian Aviation and Space Agency built all the
mag-lev train networks by using lazer cutting and nulcear powered
tunneling equipment. All soldiers working there are microchipped and
under total Psychotronic Mind Control all hours of the day and night.
Beyond the Ural Mountain Range hundreds off out-of-date Gulags are
being brought into commission by the Duma in Moscow. This
refurbishment work started on the 20th June 1993. This was the date
that tens of thousands of unemployed workers or unemployed
Stakhanovites, were mass recruited by the Russian Army to start
rebuilding and refurbishing these deadly and dreadful Gulags. Nobody
knows what is going on in the Yamantau Military Complex, but day and
night there are huge Russian troop movements in and out of this
remote location which are witnessed constantly by the residents of
Beloretsk, the nearest city to the Yamantau Military Complex. I feel
that what is planned in America may well happen on a lesser scale
here in Russia.
Denver International Airport has a 88.3 square mile Deep Underground
Military Base underneath it. In other words this base is over 22
miles in diameter. This base goes down over 8 levels. Basically this
Deep Underground Military Base is 8 cities on top of each other. The
first level starts at around 1 mile undeground. On the eight level is
a mag-lev train network that takes you out to hundreds of other Deep
Underground Military Bases all over Mexico, America and Canada. This
base is connected to the Los Alamos and Dulce Deep Underground
Military Bases. There are over 330 such bases under North America and
Central America alone. All these bases are run by the Satanic NSA.
The CIA and DIA work with the NSA very closely. This base used to be
used as a holding center for millions of adults and children who were
kidnapped or abducted from the towns and cities of America and
sometimes Canada. The Milk Carton Kids that the FBI used to post on
milk cartons were all taken by the NSA for genetic experimentation,
microchipping, psychotronic mind control and cybernetic implantations
for future used as brainwashed soldiers of the NWO Illuminati. Every
year in America over 1 million children go missing and over 450,000
adults go missing. Go to http://www.missingkids.com/ for further
details. These slave children will be used as effective killing
machines against innocent people in America and Canada in the very
near future. As most of you now know there are already over 7 million
UNISF and UNMNTF troops stationed across America and Canada readying
themselves for the approaching day of Martial Law in America, where
millions of Americans will be rounded up, gangraped, sadistically
tortured and executed by these Luciferian UNMNTF, UNISF, UNPKF
Troops. All these UN Troops are Chinese, Russian, German, Polish,
Japanese, Ukrainian, Saudi Arabian, Pakistani, Mexican, Honduran,
Salvadorean and Chilean. I know it all sounds like some weird,
screwed up conspiracy theory, but i know in my heart that i am only
speaking the truth. There isn't much time left for America. Soon
events will overtake your reality and what many of us have been
warning about will suddenly be revealed to you. Your government is
pure evil and does not care for any man, woman or child in America.
Remember also that the Illuminati want to reduce the population of
America down to only 140 million people by 2015. How do you think
they will beable to do this?
In Russia the Gulag or prison population is over 2.6 million people
in size. If the work and labour camp populations are added to this,
it would amount to over 4 million Slavic Russians, Central Asians and
Chechnyan Caucasian Muslims in incarceration in Russia. The NWO
Illuminati want all people on this planet to be slave workers on low
or nonexistent wages in the very near future. The creation of a
Global Fascist Police State by the Luciferian Illuminati will become
a reality on this planet in the 5 or 6 years if we do not all wake up
and see what the world is becoming. To read about the horrific human
rights abuses and work camps or Gulags if you like in Russia go to
http://www.amnesty.org/, http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/,
http://www.rightsinternational.org/ and http://www.prison.org/. I
find it amazing that so many Americans, Scandanavians and Western
Europeans refuse to believe that there are milions of UNISF and
UNMNTF Troops in America. Under the Partnerships For Peace Program
PFPP set up by President Bill Clinton in early 1992 around 25,000
troops a month have been coming into America for the past 12 years.
The world needs to wake up and see how demonic and twisted all these
Fascist criminals really are that parade as our friends and leaders
while stripping away democratic rights that will be replaced with a
Corporatist and Fascist Luciferian mindset that will break societies
across the world in the very near future unless people wake up now.
This article is from the Above Top Secret Forum. The ATSF seems to
have had alot of threads deleted in the past whenever really
sensitive information is posted up. So fingers crossed this
information is still available there.
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread167752/pg6
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